Diagnostic and Statistical Manual †Free Samples to Students

Strategic Plan, Part Ii Swott Analysis Essay Example

Key Plan, Part Ii: Swott Analysis Essay Key Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis BUS/475 SWOTT Analysis Today’s business world is one of numerous difficulties; challenges with our Federal Government infringing upon the business world with administrative changes and limitations, challenges with an ever-changing financial atmosphere that appears to swing in either heading and difficulties with both ideological groups that participate in futile blame dispensing, as opposed to searching for arrangements. Having a Strategic Plan set up is imperative to guarantee that any business has an effective beginning to their business life. Organizations need to create key plans that incorporate playing out a SWOTT examination to build up how the business will make due in these extreme monetary occasions. A SWOTT investigation is characterized as a circumstance examination of an organization’s inside Strength and Weaknesses, outside Opportunities, Threats and Trends looked by the organization, are firmly analyzed to graph a technique for endurance of the organization, (Business Dictionary, 2011). By concentrating on initiative, the lawful and administrative atmosphere, worldwide monetary atmosphere, mechanical advances, development, procedures and frameworks drifts, an organization can figure out what changes should be made to endure. The following is a SWOTT investigation for an all online advance start framework called The Loan Doctor, LLC. Qualities The Loan Doctor’s completely incorporated online arrangement is like the survey framework that Turbo Tax utilizes in their product framework; each â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† reaction sets up another arrangement of inquiries or reactions for the following arrangement of inquiries or reactions; at long last, the framework gets the correct reaction it requires to settle on a choice to endorse or deny the advance application. We will compose a custom paper test on Strategic Plan, Part Ii: Swott Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Strategic Plan, Part Ii: Swott Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Strategic Plan, Part Ii: Swott Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Loan Doctor, LLC perceives the past wasteful aspects, breakdowns in correspondence, disarray over the expenses being charged and the financing cost being charged on the credit program and disposes of the confounding advance procedure that the vast majority don't comprehend and most home loan experts experience difficulty clarifying. The Loan Doctor, LLC additionally perceives the general public’s dissatisfaction in managing work force that are not as instructed about the home loan credit rules and procedure as they ought to be, rustration with rates changing at last or charges that surface finally. The Loan Doctor wipes out the requirement for undertrained faculty that can now and then reason disarray of the data on the advance application, or fizzled finish by work force; The Loan Doctor disposes of the human mistake factor through and through. This online structure takes into account the executives to regulate each capacity or period of the procedure. This structure additionally takes into consideration insignificant bookkeeping and management. The Loan Doctor’s progressing and expanding database will situate the business to work in high volume by having the option to aggregate information and administration their continuous database for future renegotiate or smoothed out necessities. Shortcomings Older individuals of our populace like to work up close and personal with a â€Å"live body† face to face, as opposed to dealing with an online framework where they can't pose inquiries during the procedure. As a result of the absence of a one-on-one cooperation, numerous clients may feel like a â€Å"number† as opposed to an individual; in today’s â€Å"entitled† society, numerous individuals like to feel significant, with an online configuration, these equivalent individuals may see this online organization as â€Å"cold† and unoriginal. Our area, or absence of a physical area, would be viewed as a shortcoming. Other home loan organizations could attempt to exploit this configuration, asserting the specific cold and unoriginal contacts connected with this sort of all online beginning framework. Openings Lawful, administrative, consistence and RESPA prerequisites should be met with an inner â€Å"check balances† framework that directs these zones to guarantee all records are met with RESPA, MDIA or HVCC necessities, and that documents meet HMDA necessities for post-shutting reviewing. The online framework would be viewed as inventive by most as it would kill the requirement for a Loan Officer or a Loan processor, skipping by both of these activity components going straightforwardly to Underwriting for credit endorsement; rivalry from other home loan organizations would endeavor to ruin an all online beginning framework. There is a chance to arrive at clients in every aspect of the nation, when all consistence and permitting necessities are met, to begin and sell advances in different states utilizing this equivalent online web framework. Dangers As expressed above, other â€Å"mortgage shops† would endeavor to dishonor an all online beginning framework by calling attention to the absence of a â€Å"live body† individual to direct inquiries toward. To counter this, The Loan Doctor will utilize learned home loan experts to deal with inquiries in an online talk discussion that strolls the customer through any inquiries they may have; these home loan experts would be paid routine set of expenses, per helped customer. They would be completely prepared on the product The Loan Doctor employments. These dangers would be from the more seasoned bit of our populace that preferences up close and personal cooperation versus an online framework where they can't pose inquiries during the procedure. Contenders will be able to separate themselves in their procedures versus ur online procedure that won’t have salesmen to finalize the negotiation. To counter this, The Loan Doctor should offer the most reduced expenses and rates to be serious to help balanced any uncomfortable customers because of absence of human-to-human contact. Different dangers remember changes for laws or administrative situations that could influence business in spe cific locales. To counter this, The Loan Doctor would need to have a solid consistence administrator set up to supervise and control any changes, in any district, so the purpose of shutting the exchange for the customer and for The Loan Doctor. Patterns As our populace keeps on developing into the web age, an ever increasing number of individuals are turning out to be PC and web astute; the more youthful populace would incline toward an all online home loan organization as most essentially don't have the opportunity to remove from their day to visit a credit official face to face (if the advance official is accessible), or most don't care for the sentiment of being â€Å"sold† into an advance or moneylender. Web contract drives keep on expanding the same number of individuals would prefer to be mysterious and attempt to get as much data as possible before â€Å"showing their cards† to the bank. The Lending Tree is as yet one of the most well known online lead start frameworks on the web; The Lending Tree, in its â€Å"hay-day† proposed the least rate from the best four banks that would offer their most minimal charges and rates to get your business. The model at Lending Tree touted that â€Å"with Lending Tree; when banks contend, you win† and they sold the shopper on the reason that they would get four proposals inside fifteen minutes (The Lending Tree 2012); the issue with Lending Tree is that they offered your data to other lead rigination frameworks and before the buyer recognized what was happening, they were being reached by 12-15 contenders. All things being equal, a full-time online advance start framework taking out human blunder, cheap or obstinate sales reps, questionable or deceitful home loan workers and records that appears to â€Å"sit on people groups desks† are for all intents and purposes dispensed with in an all on the web, mistake fr ee condition that will just depend an officially prepared Underwriters and IT staff to track and push the document through endorsement, through Underwriting, through to Clear to Close, to credit docs lastly through the financing procedure to close the advance. The present economy has left the overall population careful about believing pretty much any bank or moneylender out there this moment; with Wall Street bailouts, car maker bailouts and lawmakers that appear to take part in blame dealing as opposed to discovering arrangements, the overall population is left to themselves to attempt to make sense of what the best alternative is for them. Most might want to stay mysterious until they believe they have revealed the best arrangement, before they are eager to uncover themselves of â€Å"show their cards† to an organization or framework the do not trust anymore; a full-time online beginning framework, permits them to do only that; stay unknown, while picking up data, before they are happy to submit or purchase. References The Lending Tree (2012). At the point when banks contend, you win, recovered from http://www. lendingtree. com/WebFinance, Inc. (2012). SWOT Analysis, recovered from Businessdictionary. com: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/SWOT-investigation. html#ixzz26fyPzeXb Vital Plan, Part Ii Swott Analysis Essay Example Vital Plan, Part Ii: Swott Analysis Essay Key Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis BUS/475 SWOTT Analysis Today’s business world is one of numerous difficulties; challenges with our Federal Government infringing upon the business world with administrative changes and limitations, challenges with an ever-changing financial atmosphere that appears to swing in either bearing and difficulties with both ideological groups that participate in futile blame dealing, as opposed to searching for arrangements. Having a Strategic Plan set up is essential to guarantee that any business has an effective beginning to their business life. Organizations need to create key plans that incorporate playing out a SWOTT examination to build up how the business

Making Your Business More Competitive with Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

Making Your Business More Competitive with Business Process Reengineering (BPR) HISTORY OF BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERINGBusiness process reengineering, also called BPR, is the redesign and analysis of workflow, in an effort to make it more efficient.In the early 1990’s, Michael Hammer and James Champy published a book, “Reengineering the Corporation”, that stated that in some cases, radical redesign and reorganization within a company were the only way to reduce costs and improve service quality. To this end, they said, information technology was the key element for allowing this to happen.Hammer and Champy said that most large companies made (now invalid) assumptions about their goals, people and technology that were impacting the workflow. They suggested seven principles that could be used to reengineer and help streamline workflows, thus improving quality, time management and cost.Hammer and Champy suggested the following seven principles in their book.Organize around outcomes, not tasks.Identify all the processes in an organization and prioritize them in order of redesign urgency.Integrate information processing work into the real work that produces the information.Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized.Link parallel activities in the workflow instead of just integrating their results.Put the decision point where the work is performed, and build control into the process.Capture information once and at the source.What does this mean in simpler language? Essentially, for a successful BPR effort, it is important to look at all the tasks that are working to achieve the same goal. This exercise can then allow several jobs to be combined into one. In addition, parallel processes leading to the same outcome should be connected within the process rather than just combining results at the end. Also, it is important to look at all available resources and place the actual work where it makes the most sense.To make the process most efficient, the power to make decisions regarding it should be given to the p eople performing the process and any unnecessary control systems should be eliminated. Instead of having extra processes to record information relating to the process, a resource within the process should provide all necessary data to increase accuracy and reduce redundancy.HOW TO IMPLEMENT BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING IN YOUR BUSINESSThe following steps (Davenport, 1992) can help BPR realize its core principles of customer satisfaction, reduced costs of business and increased competitiveness.1. BUSINESS VISION AND OBJECTIVESAny BPR activity needs to begin with a clearly defined and measurable objectives. Whether the goal is reducing costs, improving quality of product, or increasing efficiency, the framework for what needs to be achieved has to be decided upon at the outset, in line with the company’s vision and mission.2. IDENTIFICATION AND SLACKING PROCESSESOnce a clear goal is in mind, all processes need to be studied and those seen as ‘slacking’ or that can be improved need to be identified. Among these, those processes with direct impact on the company’s output or those that clash with the company’s mission become part of the ‘red’ list. This clear identification makes the difference between BPR success and failure.3. UNDERSTAND AND MEASURE THE RED PROCESSESWith a list of slacking processes in hand, it is imperative to identify how they were identified as such. Are they taking too much time to complete? Is the quality of the outcome being compromised? Whatever the issue, each process must be judged objectively either against industry standards or ethically obtained competitor best practices.4. INFORMATION SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITIESAn efficient and relevant IT system is an essential BPR enabler. Without such a system, it is not possible to keep a check on all factors affecting the change. Before setting out on a radical BPR activity, it is vital to set in place information systems that can deal with the magnitude of the change.5. D ESIGN, BUILD AND TEST THE NEW PROTOTYPEBefore any new product is launched, a prototype is tested out. A failure at a testing stage should never be implemented at a larger scale. BPR projects fail more often than not for a variety of reasons but a basic reason is the inability to identify and accept any limitations at the testing stage. Among other factors, both the management’s attitude towards the new way of work and the employees’   outlook towards the change should be carefully assessed.6. ADAPTING THE ORGANIZATIONManaging change brought about by BPR activities is the final effort towards a successful project. Providing updated documentation, organizational structures, governance models as well as updated charts of authority and responsibility leave little room for confusion and allow a smooth transition into the new way of work.Business process reengineering is a radical change activity that cannot be repeated if it goes wrong the first time. It is often a high risk activity that involves monetary investment and a risk of demotivated employees. In is essential to have buy in all the way from top management down and it should have a broad functional scope.SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF BUSINESS PROVESS REENGINEERINGIt is important to acknowledge and understand that BPR is not a foolproof method of success. As with all activities it runs the risk of failure.A BPR program can be successful if:Customer needs are made the priority and this vision is used to appropriately direct business practices.There are cost advantages to be achieved that help the organization become more competitive in its industryA strategic view of all operational processes is taken with relevant questions being asked about the established way of work and how it can be developed over the long term into more efficient business practicesThere is a willingness to look beyond tasks and traditional functional boundaries with a focus outcomes. Through this, entire processes can be eliminated or amalgamated into fewer but more relevant and powerful processes throughout the organization.There is a real desire to simplify the way of work by objectively assessing all activities and tasks and eliminating any that add less value and more complexity.A BPR program will fail if:It is seen as a way to make minor adjustments and improvements to existing processes. If there is no clear willingness to put all existing process onto the chopping block, there is no chance of successIt is seen as a one-time cost cutting exercise. In reality, cost reductions are often a handy by product of the activity but not the primary concern. It is also not a one-time activity but an ongoing change in mindsetThere is no success in gaining dedicated long term commitment from management and the employees. Bringing people onboard is a difficult task and many BPR initiatives never take off because enough effort is not put into securing supportThere is less effort to redesign and more to automateOne departm ent is prioritized at the expense of the process. There needs to be an openness towards studying every single process in detail and a willingness to change whatever is needed to achieve overall efficiencyThere is too much internal focus and not enough of an eye on the industry and what competitor best practices can be used as benchmarksSOME FAMOUS EXAMPLES OF BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING The concept of business process reengineering (BPR) is to rethink and break down existing business processes. This allows a company to reduce costs and improve productivity through newer, more efficient processes. It is important to remember however, that though there are instances where this is necessary, business process reengineering is not without its disadvantages. This makes it vital to weigh your decision carefully. One of the most obvious adverse effects of a company’s decision to reengineer is a lowered employee morale. Most people are vary of change and do not manage to adapt to it easily. This aspect needs to be kept in mind when trying to make the decision to go through with the activity. © Shutterstock.com | TashatuvangoIn this article, we will discuss 1) the history of business process reengineering, 2) the steps to help you implement business process reengineering, 3) successes and failures of business process reengineering,  and 4) some famous examples.HISTORY OF BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERINGBusiness process reengineering, also called BPR, is the redesign and analysis of workflow, in an effort to make it more efficient.In the early 1990’s, Michael Hammer and James Champy published a book, “Reengineering the Corporation”, that stated that in some cases, radical redesign and reorganization within a company were the only way to reduce costs and improve service quality. To this end, they said, information technology was the key element for allowing this to happen.Hammer and Champy said that most large companies made (now invalid) assumptions about their goals, people and technology that were impacting the workflow. They suggested seven principles that could b e used to reengineer and help streamline workflows, thus improving quality, time management and cost.Hammer and Champy suggested the following seven principles in their book.Organize around outcomes, not tasks.Identify all the processes in an organization and prioritize them in order of redesign urgency.Integrate information processing work into the real work that produces the information.Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized.Link parallel activities in the workflow instead of just integrating their results.Put the decision point where the work is performed, and build control into the process.Capture information once and at the source.What does this mean in simpler language? Essentially, for a successful BPR effort, it is important to look at all the tasks that are working to achieve the same goal. This exercise can then allow several jobs to be combined into one. In addition, parallel processes leading to the same outcome should be connected withi n the process rather than just combining results at the end. Also, it is important to look at all available resources and place the actual work where it makes the most sense.To make the process most efficient, the power to make decisions regarding it should be given to the people performing the process and any unnecessary control systems should be eliminated. Instead of having extra processes to record information relating to the process, a resource within the process should provide all necessary data to increase accuracy and reduce redundancy.HOW TO IMPLEMENT BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING IN YOUR BUSINESSThe following steps (Davenport, 1992) can help BPR realize its core principles of customer satisfaction, reduced costs of business and increased competitiveness.1. BUSINESS VISION AND OBJECTIVESAny BPR activity needs to begin with a clearly defined and measurable objectives. Whether the goal is reducing costs, improving quality of product, or increasing efficiency, the framework f or what needs to be achieved has to be decided upon at the outset, in line with the company’s vision and mission.2. IDENTIFICATION AND SLACKING PROCESSESOnce a clear goal is in mind, all processes need to be studied and those seen as ‘slacking’ or that can be improved need to be identified. Among these, those processes with direct impact on the company’s output or those that clash with the company’s mission become part of the ‘red’ list. This clear identification makes the difference between BPR success and failure.3. UNDERSTAND AND MEASURE THE RED PROCESSESWith a list of slacking processes in hand, it is imperative to identify how they were identified as such. Are they taking too much time to complete? Is the quality of the outcome being compromised? Whatever the issue, each process must be judged objectively either against industry standards or ethically obtained competitor best practices.4. INFORMATION SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITIESAn efficient and relevant IT s ystem is an essential BPR enabler. Without such a system, it is not possible to keep a check on all factors affecting the change. Before setting out on a radical BPR activity, it is vital to set in place information systems that can deal with the magnitude of the change.5. DESIGN, BUILD AND TEST THE NEW PROTOTYPEBefore any new product is launched, a prototype is tested out. A failure at a testing stage should never be implemented at a larger scale. BPR projects fail more often than not for a variety of reasons but a basic reason is the inability to identify and accept any limitations at the testing stage. Among other factors, both the management’s attitude towards the new way of work and the employees’   outlook towards the change should be carefully assessed.6. ADAPTING THE ORGANIZATIONManaging change brought about by BPR activities is the final effort towards a successful project. Providing updated documentation, organizational structures, governance models as well as updated charts of authority and responsibility leave little room for confusion and allow a smooth transition into the new way of work.Business process reengineering is a radical change activity that cannot be repeated if it goes wrong the first time. It is often a high risk activity that involves monetary investment and a risk of demotivated employees. In is essential to have buy in all the way from top management down and it should have a broad functional scope.SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF BUSINESS PROVESS REENGINEERINGIt is important to acknowledge and understand that BPR is not a foolproof method of success. As with all activities it runs the risk of failure.A BPR program can be successful if:Customer needs are made the priority and this vision is used to appropriately direct business practices.There are cost advantages to be achieved that help the organization become more competitive in its industryA strategic view of all operational processes is taken with relevant questions being asked a bout the established way of work and how it can be developed over the long term into more efficient business practicesThere is a willingness to look beyond tasks and traditional functional boundaries with a focus outcomes. Through this, entire processes can be eliminated or amalgamated into fewer but more relevant and powerful processes throughout the organization.There is a real desire to simplify the way of work by objectively assessing all activities and tasks and eliminating any that add less value and more complexity.A BPR program will fail if:It is seen as a way to make minor adjustments and improvements to existing processes. If there is no clear willingness to put all existing process onto the chopping block, there is no chance of successIt is seen as a one-time cost cutting exercise. In reality, cost reductions are often a handy by product of the activity but not the primary concern. It is also not a one-time activity but an ongoing change in mindsetThere is no success in g aining dedicated long term commitment from management and the employees. Bringing people onboard is a difficult task and many BPR initiatives never take off because enough effort is not put into securing supportThere is less effort to redesign and more to automateOne department is prioritized at the expense of the process. There needs to be an openness towards studying every single process in detail and a willingness to change whatever is needed to achieve overall efficiencyThere is too much internal focus and not enough of an eye on the industry and what competitor best practices can be used as benchmarksSOME FAMOUS EXAMPLES OF BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERINGFORDIn his suggestions to Ford, Michael Hammer proposed something radical: Eliminate the invoice. In the new scenario, a buyer no longer needed to send a copy of the purchasing order form to the creditor administration. Instead, he registers an order in the online database. When the items appear at the store, the storekeeper che ck whether these correspond to the purchase order form in the system. In the old system he did not have access to this form. If the items match the order, he accepts them and registers this in the computer system. If they do not, the items are returned. Hammer reported that Ford benefited drastically from this change with an almost 75% decrease in workforce in the accounts payable department.TACO BELLTaco Bell reimagined their business, focusing more on the retail service aspect and centralizing the manufacturing area. The K-Minus program was created and the meat, corn shells, beans, lettuce, cheese and tomatoes for their restaurants were now prepared in central commissaries outside the restaurant. At the restaurants, the prepared ingredients are assembled when ordered by a customer. Better employee morale, increased quality control, fewer accidents and injuries, bigger savings and more time for focusing on customer business processes are some of the successes of the new way of work . Taco Bell has gone from being a $500 million company in 1982 to a $3 billion company (Early 1990s).HALLMARKHallmark used to spend 3 years in bringing new products to the market. With more niche markets identified Hallmark executives were convinced that the product development process needed to be redesigned. Using reengineering, the goal was set to change cycle time to one year. They discovered to their surprise that two thirds of the product cycle was spent on planning and conceptualizing the card rather than on printing and production rework as had previously been thought. The concept spent 90% time waiting for a creative staffer to complete a new iteration till it was eventually finalized, In 1991, a new line of cards was brought to market in 8 months, ahead of schedule, by creating a cross functional team for product development.Although there have been many BPR success stories, the process became somewhat unpopular in the late 1990s. There were many organizations who went thr ough the attempts to redesign processes but did not manage to reap any of the myriad benefits promised. So it is essential to plan carefully before undertaking this exercise. First and foremost, a business problem needs to be identified. Are we manufacturing at higher costs than our industry? Is there a newer way of work that we have not brought into our processes? Do our processes seem overly complex? Are too many people doing too many similar things? After setting clear objectives and securing support from all levels of management within the company, it is important to approach the process as one of continuous learning and to keep an eye on new and emerging problems as well the existing way of work. The success of any BPR initiative hinges on how deeply a process improvement mindset is created and nurtured by both management and the process owners themselves.For further learning you can read through the following presentation.[slideshare id=8792334doc=bpr-110807054223-phpapp02w=71 0h=400]

Childhood Obesity And Its Effects Essay - 1782 Words

Childhood obesity has increased drastically over the past years and has become a high health risk to children. In fact, childhood obesity has doubled in numbers in the past thirty years (Childhood Obesity Facts). Obesity occurs when an individual becomes overweight and doctor’s diagnose a patient by using the body mass index or BMI scale. Obesity causes many diseases in children which cannot be cured without a doctor, in result, childhood obesity drives high health care costs. Since little effort has been put forward to prevent childhood obesity the existence of this disease has begun to skyrocket in numbers. The number of children who suffer from obesity have greatly increased over the years so, people have to come up with a solution to prevent obesity. However, it will take more than just one solution to prevent childhood obesity, it will take many. Without the prevention of obesity future generations could be in serious trouble with health issues. Childhood obesity should b e prevented by showing the youth that healthy will benefit them in life, therefore, parents start by guiding children in the correct direction with their eating habits, limit their fast food intake, and fight the market for unhealthy foods so that children are not exposed to unhealthy options. The rising numbers of childhood obesity benefits the health care system because with obesity comes many doctors visits, and many doctors visits come with plenty of money spent in the health care system.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Obesity On Childhood Obesity Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pagesfind out what has caused or what the leading factors to obesity are. Researchers are currently still doing research to find out what causes or what may be the lead to obesity. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition which considers a child to be obese if their Body Mass Index (BMI) is at or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. 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Some have said obesity may even have a negative effect on cognitive developmentRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects894 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity, a monstrous disease that grabs the attention of its victims so effortlessly, is a frightening concern among many. Childhood obesity is a condition in which a child is extremely overweight for their particular age group. This disease has rapidly increased its victims by luring them in with mouth-watering advertisements, pleasurable menu items and amusement. To cause matters to become increasingly detrimental to their health, technology has been introduced to kids at particularlyRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Childhood Obesity1866 Words   |  8 PagesObesity is not an unfamiliar condition to the American population. Many researches, public health efforts, policies are focusing on obesity and specially on childhood obesity.in focus in United States (Ogden, Carroll, Kit Flegal, 2014). Many institutions such as CDC with its National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Institute of Medicine and U.S. Department of Agriculrual and Food have provided recommendations, surveys and developed regulations for obesity (Ogden, Carroll, KitRead MoreChildhood Obesity An d Its Effects990 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity has quadrupled in the last thirty years, and the number of children with obesity related diseases and health conditions reflect that. More and more Kids are developing what would be considered adult health conditions like osteoporosis, sleep apnea, fatty liver disease, and cardio vascular diseases, which usually only affect people later in life. Kids are not only developing adult diseases, they are physically becoming adults. If you were to compare a obese 10 year old DNA to theirRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Adolescents : Childhood Obesity1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Obesity on Adolescents Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. According to PMC, the US Library of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 2010, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs when the body stores an excess amount of fat that is not necessary for the person’s survival. Some scientists have argued thatRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects1287 Words   |  6 Pagesother kids wear. Body image is everywhere you look. Obesity is defined as â€Å"Having a body mass index (BMI) above the normal range for age and sex in children† (Moglia, Dill, 2014). Obese children are subject to ridicule from peers, teachers, and sometimes even family. My five year old daughter is now bigger than her peers, weight and height wise. She has already come home from school with tears in her eyes because a classmate called her fat. H er obesity stems from a thyroid condition, but small childrenRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1188 Words   |  5 Pageslink between childhood obesity and advertising. There has been a rise in childhood obesity in the past few years and many believe, and have evidence to support, that it is partly because of unregulated advertisements aimed towards children. The health of a child is very important childhood obesity is something to be concerned about. The definition of childhood obesity is: having a body mass index above the normal range for age and sex in children. The definition of childhood obesity may not sound

Racism in Ernest Gainess A Lesson Before Dying Essay

After the civil war ended many blacks and whites especially in the south, continued living as if nothing had changed with regards to the oppressions and poor treatment of African Americans. Narrator Grant Wiggins, of the novel A Lesson Before Dying, By Ernest Gaines, finds himself in a similar situation towards racism. Through his experience Grant is forced to transform Jefferson who was wrongly accused of a murder from a â€Å"HOG† into a man. Although Grant was forced to make jefferson a man, he himself became more of one as a result. Grant transformed from an ignorant pessimistic person into a sensitive and compassionate human being. Grant Wiggins, one of the few black males in his town to have a college education, is a teacher at a all†¦show more content†¦Grant consistently refers to them as the â€Å"Babies†. Grant throughout the novel also complain a lot about how he wants to leave and move out from his town. He refuses to accept the task he is being off ered and do a good for his own society as a black male. In addition,Grants attitude begins to change after a few visit at the the cell with jefferson. Jefferson opened up to Grant about how he never had owned a radio or ate a bowl of ice cream in his life. Grant stated â€Å"I saw a slight smile come to his face, and it was not a bitter smile. Not bitter at all†. This action was a turning point for Grant. Jefferson’s thoughts revived Grants emotions and helped him see the actual person he was. Grant learned how to become educated and think like a man, rather than being negative all the time. He figured out that he wasn’t just accomplishing a good for Jefferson, but teaching his students that as an African American, you shouldn’t allow the white take control nor advantage of you. At the beginning of the book, Grant more than anyone else hated Jefferson and refused to teach Jefferson how to become a man, but after a few visits to the cell Grant became Jef ferson’s friend. Grant became one of the few he could trust and share his thoughts with. Jefferson opened up to grant and took his advice for granted. At that point, Grant completely transformed from an angry man to a loving and caring person. Grant realized what it was to actually be a man and how a man becomes a hero! AShow MoreRelatedA Lesson While Living by Ernest Gaines1639 Words   |  7 Pages A Lesson While Living In a society where hardships occur daily, it is vital to have something to hold on to as an anchor. This reliance or commitment is in the form of friends, family, or even tangible possessions; however, humans sometimes have to fulfill deeds for others instead of continually thinking of themselves. Given these obligations, there results both a need and a desire to complete certain tasks for other individuals, for a community, or even for a higher power. In his novel, A LessonRead More Racism in A Lesson Before Dying Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesA Lesson Before Dying is set in rural Louisiana in the 1940’s. The setting is ripe for the racism displayed in the novel. Ernest J. Gaines weaves an intricate web of human connections, using the character growth of Grant Wiggins and Jefferson to subtly expose the effect people have on one another (Poston A1). Each and every character along the way shows some inkling of being a racist. However, Paul is an exception. He treats eve ryone as if he or she is equal to him whether the person is blackRead More Racism and African-American Family Breakdown as Themes in Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesIconic Contemporary Themes Displayed: Ernest J. Gainess A Lesson Before Dying I was not there, yet I was there. No, I did not go to the trial, I did not hear the verdict, because I knew all the time what it would be... (3). Ernest J. Gaines begins his contemporary masterpiece with a captivating and explosive first paragraph. Immediately capturing the readers attention, the fast paced novel takes us on a voyage of thematic discovery. Through the voice of Grant Wiggins, a school teacherRead More Comparing Dignity in A Lesson Before Dying, Jane Pittman, and Of Love and Dust2674 Words   |  11 Pagesin Southern Society in A Lesson Before Dying, Autobiography of Jane Pittman, and Of Love and Dust      Ã‚  Ã‚   The ante-bellum Southern social system put blacks in a low economic and social class and limited their pursuit of happiness.   The aristocracy firmly held blacks in emotional and spiritual slavery. Cajuns, Creoles and poor whites maintained a low status in society, which frustrated them because they felt they should be superior to blacks and equal to whites. Racism was a base of southern societyRead More The Evolution of Grant in Ernest J. Gaines A Lesson Before Dying2726 Words   |  11 PagesAfter the Civil War ended, many blacks and whites, especially in the South, continued living as if nothing had changed with regards to the oppression and poor treatment of African Americans. Narrator Grant Wiggins, of Ernest J. Gaines A Lesson Before Dying, possesses a similar attitude toward race relations. Through his experiences with a young man wrongly accused of murder, Grant transforms from a pessimistic, hopeless, and insensitive man into a more selfless and compassionate human being who

Debate Final Exam Free Essays

July 13, 2007 Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. Today our resolution is legalization of drugs does not damage society. We are on the negative group strongly against this resolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate Final Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let’s look at the important points. The affirmative team had four points: personal behavior, price, safety and management. Their first point is personal behavior. They said that everyone has the right to choose his or her own lifestyle. It’s true. But one’s own choice should be based on social morality and within limits. If anyone just goes straight to do what they want, the society even the whole world will be out of control. The affirmative team didn’t consider this undeniable principle. In addition, taking drugs is not a good way to relax and entertain. Their second point is price. They said that if drug was legislated by the government, the black-markets will disappear. It’s not necessarily true that the black-markets will disappear. Because many markets legalized still have black markets out of the government’s reach. They also said that the government would lower the price of drugs so that drug users will not be forced to do criminals in order to get the money for drugs. First, the government might lower the price but the degree will be limited, for the costs of drugs are still high and expensive. It remains a money problem for the drug users. So it’s not true that legalization of drugs will decrease criminals. Second, the lower the price is, the more drug users are. Their third point is safety. They said that the pure heroin do very little harm to human body. It’s not true. Because no matter how pure the heroin is, it still does harm to human body for is a kind of medicine that has effect on human body. Not only that, drugs may cause both mental and physical disease, like cancer. Their fourth point is management. They said that drug users increased year by year is because of the action of forbidding drugs. Actually, it’s the opposite. America is one of the countries who has legalized drugs but still among the top countries with most drug users. As for china, we have law to forbid drugs and the drug abuse is not as serious as those countries. On out side, we have three points to support our opinion: heath, harmonious society and money. Our first point is health. Obviously, drugs will do great harm to people both physically and mentally. If the government legalizes drugs, the convenience and lower price will cause more and more drug users, because drugs could be bought everywhere just like food. So why take something that is harmful to us? Our second point is harmonious society. First, drug users will cause family problems. The costs of drugs come from family. That’s a very reason for divorce. Divorce will cause many other social problems. Second, legalization of drugs will have bad effect on adolescence. So naive are they, they have the curiosity of imitating adults, such as smoking. Our third point is money. Drug users will spend a lot of money on it. If the price is lowed by the government, the drug users will take more, after all, high price is a limitation for their habits. That’s all. Thank you. How to cite Debate Final Exam, Papers

Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples Essay Example

Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples Paper â€Å"The Apple† details the story of both the fruit, but more importantly, Johnny Appleseed, the legendary man who, two hundred years ago, crossed the Midwestern part of the country (Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana area), spreading apple seeds around in order to encourage apple trees to grow.   His real name was John Chapman, and he is said to be something of a strange man, one who was convinced of his duality with nature (he was a vegetarian, never rode horses or chopped down trees, and punished himself for hurting any creature, no matter how small, and even by accident). The author is attempting to trace Johnny Appleseed’s path across Ohio, and to discover his true reasons for planting apples.   According to science, apple seeds do not produce ‘normal’ apple trees.   Only tree cloning can do this.   Apple seeds produce terribly bitter fruit that is usually used for producing alcohol.   So, Johnny Appleseed was bringing alcohol to the colonies.   He moved continually, planting apple seeds where he knew a town would spring up in a few years, and when it did, he would sell the small apple trees for profit.   This was good business practice, as most people selling land required that the buyers plant orchards, to encourage them to keep and use their land. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Appleseed and Today’s Apples specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sweetness is another popular reason for the apple.   Sugar wasn’t common in the frontier times, and any sweetness came from fruit.   The apple was among the sweetest.   This sweetness, of course, lent itself well to the creation of alcohol.   Alcohol was necessary, though, because it was a safer drink than water, even for children, in a time when water was often infested with cholera or worse. A man named Bill takes the author around Apple Country and shows him Johnny Appleseed’s path.   They walk across country, paddle down rivers, and look at apple trees that had been planted by Appleseed himself.   Along the way, the author continues to ask Bill biographical questions about Appleseed, such as the rumors about his child bride who left him, why he never married, and how he lived everywhere and nowhere at the same time. Today, many varieties of apples still grow, some propagated by Johnny Appleseed.   Legends of Appleseed still exist in many different areas, as the author finds out.   The apple, and the man who loved it, are still a large part of today’s folklore, and real tradition.

We The People Means essays

We The People Means essays A long time ago in 1789, the term We the People, which is stated in the constitution, represented a very exclusive group. This term represented the white males that were landowners. As you can see, the world has changed a lot from back then. Here in 2002, We the People refers to all U.S. citizens and covers more diverse groups. The three reasons that this changed had taken place was because of the use of formal Amendments, informal Amendments, and there were many court cases. First of all, the formal amendment helped this change big time. For instance, the 15th amendment states that The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied... on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Also in the 19th amendment it is said The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied... on account of sex. Both of these formal amendments show an example of how the term We the People has increased in how many people it represents from then to now. Another issue that helped increase the representation of We the People was the informal amendment. Informal amendments are common changes that do not affect the wording of the Constitution. Some examples of informal amendments that changed the meaning would be the actions of President Roosevelt during World War II. The law at the time was that there was to be segregation between the black and white soldiers. The president took action on this issue and got rid of the segregation. This is an example of informal segregation. The last reason that helped to increase the number of people represented by We the People is court cases from the past and present. One big case, for instance, would be that of Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. This issue started because of the segregation of blacks and whites in public schools. This changed a l ...

Cryptid

Cryptid Cryptid Cryptid By Maeve Maddox The lovely word cryptid came to my attention in reference to the ivory-billed woodpecker. One of these birds, long believed to be extinct, was sighted in eastern Arkansas in 2004. As no subsequent sightings have been reported, the survival of the species is still disputed. Cryptid is of recent coinage, suggested in 1983 by J. E. Wall in a publication of the International Society of Cryptozoology, as a word â€Å"to replace sensational and often misleading terms like monster.† Note: The Google Ngram Viewer shows use of cryptid as early as 1963, but the appearance in the ISC newsletter is most likely the cause of the word’s meteoric rise from 1990 to the present. Cryptozoology may be a pseudoscience, but the word cryptid is a useful addition to the English vocabulary, joining other English words that derive from Greek kryptos, â€Å"hidden†: crypt (1583) An underground cell, chamber, or vault; especially, one used as a burial place and typically lying beneath a church. cryptogram (1827) A piece of cryptographic writing; anything written in code or cipher. cryptology (1844) The science, study, or practice of encrypting and decrypting information. cryptonym (1862)   A pseudonym or code name; esp. one given to a spy or to a clandestine operation. crypsis (1956) Cryptic coloration or behavior that enables an animal to conceal its presence. Cryptozoology (1968) The study of unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose existence or survival to the present day is disputed or unsubstantiated. Cryptids more sensational than the ivory-billed woodpecker include the following: Abominable Snowman Big Foot chupacabra Fouke Monster Kelpie Water horse Loch Ness monster Mermaids Sea serpents Sewer alligators For a lengthy list of cryptids, see the Wikipedia article. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?What to Do When Words Appear Twice in a Row5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

The Movie From Earth To Moon And Back Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Movie From Earth To Moon And Back - Essay Example If someone is looking for a big entertainment in the classical style, Georges Mà ©lià ¨s 1902 science fiction film, â€Å"A Trip to the Moon† is certainly the most appropriate option. The movie is based on a group of astronauts who went on the moon. The clip of movie is available online at Youtube the link to which is mentioned at the end. It starts with the scene of a hall filled with several astronauts wearing wizard-like gowns and long pointed hats. Their leader shows them how they can make a trip to the moon by drawing a picture on the blackboard which shows a shuttle moving toward the moon from the earth. The idea gains appreciation and they immediately put on their astronauts’ uniform. They fill in the shuttle and a group of young and beautiful lasses closes the shuttle, and the shuttle is thrown into space with a power gun. The moon shows a man’s face who seems angry to see the approaching shuttle, and to his dismay, the shuttle hits him in the eye. Astronauts come out of the shuttle. Tired after a long journey, they cover themselves with their gowns and sleep at a calm place on the moon. The movie shows human faced-stars and planets watch the group of sleeping astronauts and wonder. The queen of the moon appears sitting on a crescent and she calls for the snowfall. The snowfall wakes the astronauts up who seek refuge in a cave. The cave grows a lot of mushrooms. One of the astronauts stands his umbrella on the moon floor and to his wonder, the umbrella grows into a big mushroom. Then the story gains an action theme. A moon alien appears from somewhere and tries to scare away the astronauts who beat him dead. He vanishes into the air like smoke. After that, more and more moon-aliens emerge and attack the astronauts. They overpower the astronauts and take them to the king alien. The rest of the astronauts run their way back to the shuttle, while a lot of moon-aliens chase them holding arrows to kill them.

Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example The current status of relationships between Russia and the United states cannot be termed as friendly by any means because the relationships which were strained by the US withdrawal from ABM treaty and which were further deteriorated by Iraq war and Kosovo independence crisis continued to go from bad to worse. Another significant down came in March 2007 when US announced its plans to build an anti-ballistic missile defense installation in Poland along with a radar station in the Czech Republic. According to the United States officials, the motive behind such plans is to safeguard the international peace and ensure international security against the threat posed by Iranian and North Korean nuclear weapons to the world. However Russia considered this move as an aggression against them because Poland and Czech Republic are former Warsaw Pact countries and US military influence in these countries means creating an imbalance of power in Europe once again. Russian President issued various statements to protest against this action and warn the US president about the consequences of such a move while on the other side Russia continued to test its intercontinental missiles and claimed that these missiles can defeat all kinds of missile defense systems. Russia also started establishing missile defense basis along the now US backed Poland (Kegley & Blanton, 2011). The relationships between the two countries have reached another historical low at the moment and the Russian-Georgian clash. and Russian military cooperation with Venezuela are the most recent incidents which mark the strain in the relationships. The diplomatic dialogue between both countries has almost ceased to a zero level at the moment and there are no hopes of an improvement in the relationships in recent future. The relationships between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and United States are a matter of very frequent discussion in international politics today and the subject has many complexities associated with it. The diplomatic ties between the two countries exist from the year 1947; Pakistan emerged on the map of the world during this year. From the very beginning the basis of

Marion Pritchard :: essays research papers

MARION PRITCHARD Marion Pritchard was born in Amsterdam, Holland in 1920. Her father was a judge who treated her with love, respect and caring. Her mother lived in Britain. Marion would visit her mother who resided there. Marion watched the German invasion on May 10, 1940, and as anti-Semitic laws were passed, she told her Jewish friends to escape or to hide. Her father was not Jewish; however, he was disappointed that the Dutch government did not do more to help Jewish refugees. As Hitler rose to power she watched many children being thrown into trucks which encouraged her assist in the rescue effort. Marion remembered two soldiers joking about picking up small children by the arms, legs, and hair, and tossing them around. In 1942 she took in the Polak family and hid them in a tiny space under her living room. Her friends would give her milk and other healthy foods to feed the Jews. One night a Dutch police officer acting for the Nazi regime knocked on her door very early in the morning. A neighbor had reported that she was hiding a Jewish family. She knew she would be sent to a concentration camp along with the Polak family if they were found. Marion believed that it was either the officer or the children, and so she shot the officer. Afterwards, a gay Jew ballet teacher took the dead body out of Marion’s house at night and took it in a cart to the undertaker. The undertaker put the officer’s body in a coffin which was soon to be buried. Marion was lucky that the police officer was not missed. She hid over 150 people from the Nazis but some Jews were found and killed. The Nazi army murdered about 110,000 of the Netherlands’ 140,000 Jewish citizens. After the war was over the Polaks came out of hiding. The mother who had been separated from the Polak family was reunited with them. Marion decided to work for the United Nations relief and Rehabilitation Administration’s Displaced Persons camps to find her Jewish friends.

Respiratory Infections In Developing Countries Health And Social Care Essay

Respiratory infections are prevailing worldwide and are straight responsible for morbidity and a important proportion of mortality, particularly in kids. The most common respiratory conditions include acute respiratory piece of land infections, asthma, pneumonia and bronchitis. Acute respiratory infections ( ARIs ) continue to be the taking cause of acute unwellnesss globally and remain the most of import cause of baby and immature kids mortality and morbidity, which accounts for about two million deceases every twelvemonth and ranks as the first cause of disability-adjusted life-years ( DALYs ) lost in developing states. The populations who are at maximal hazard for developing a fatal respiratory disease are the really immature, the aged, and the immunocompromised. Upper respiratory infections are really frequent but are seldom dangerous. Lower respiratory infections are responsible for more terrible unwellnesss like grippe, pneumonia bronchiolitis, asthma and bronchitis which are t he taking subscribers to acute respiratory infections mortality ( WHO Acute respiratory infections update, 2009 ) . Acute respiratory infections continue to remain among the chief causes of child mortality globally. Even in the general population, they are the taking cause of acute morbidities. Hospital records from high mortality provinces of India show that up to 13 % of inpatient paediatric deceases are due to ARI. Harmonizing to recent WHO/UNICEF study, approximately 20 % of deceases in kids under five old ages of age are due to acute lower respiratory tract infections like bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. ( Vashishth.V, 2010 ) . Respiratory diseases histories for a significant proportion of mortality all over India with the upper limit reported in the Central States and the lower limit reported in the North Eastern part of the state. Respiratory infections histories for the 2nd largest ( 22 % ) cause of deceases among kids aged below five old ages. ( Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2003 ) . Most of the disease load in rural India is due to the respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, TB ( TB ) and pneumonia. In low income scenes these diseases are chiefly attributed with exposure to indoor pollution, solid-cooking fuels, hapless lodging, low nutritionary position and hapless healthful conditions 1. The association of respiratory upsets with geographical part may be important with population denseness, industrial and fabric pollutants, and baccy ingestion. ( Ramanakumar, 2005 ) . Wheezing is one of the commonest symptoms of respiratory diseases in kids. Epidemiologic surveies conducted worldwide have shown that 10 to 15 per centum of babies start to wheeze during their first twelvemonth of life, and around 25 per centum of kids less than five old ages of age nowadays to their clinicians with wheezing. ( Fakhouri, 2007 ) . Nebulized medicines are an built-in portion of direction of many respiratory diseases. Nebulizing a drug is a extremely effectual method of presenting drugs straight into the lungs in the signifier of aerosol atoms, provided with the right equipment and gas flow is used with the appropriate drug. This method of medicine disposal has an added benefit that it has minimum side effects compared with other manners of intervention. Nurses play an of import function in the disposal of medicine via a atomizer in any wellness attention puting. 1.1 Need for the survey: Respiratory attention patterns are altering, and pull offing respiratory diseases in kids is a existent challenge to the medical fraternity. Many clinical surveies have shown that O bringing and nebulization of bronchodilators via a gas driven jet atomizers play a cardinal function in the intervention of wheezing. Children differ from grownups in more than merely their size ; they have, for illustration, different external respiration form, respiratory rate, tidal volume and air passage construction. Nebulization is one of the easiest and most efficient ways to administrate respiratory medicines in kids. Beta agonist remains the most commonly prescribed medicine for wheezing in kids by respiratory baby doctors and general baby doctors likewise since they are proved to be the most effectual drug in the intervention of airway obstructor in kids. Despite the fact that nebulization of drug is an of import portion of intervention in assorted respiratory diseases, small attending has been paid to the efficiency of O therapy during nebulizations. The restraints in the handiness of high flow O cylinders and high cost of equipment bound the everyday usage of this technique in most primary wellness attention puting in developing states. 1.2 Statement of the Problem: A COMPARITIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEBULIZATION WITH AND WITHOUT OXYGEN IN IMPROVING THE RESPIRATORY STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH WHEEZING IN A SELECTED HOSPITAL, COIMBATORE: Symptoms of respiratory diseases like wheezing affect the normal pneumonic map and impair the wellness of the kids. The purpose of the survey is to better the pneumonic map through nebulization with O. The cardinal intent defines the quality of wellness desired to consequence or sustain in patients and specifies particular duty in caring for patients. The cardinal intent of this survey was the betterment in respiratory position by nebulization with and without O. The 2nd construct is prescription for the fulfilment of cardinal intent. The prescription is directing to a directing activity that will most likely to take to fulfillment of cardinal intent. A prescription indicates the wide general action which is appropriate to the execution of the action. In this survey nebulization with and without O was used for kids with wheezing and 25 kids were assigned to each therapy. The therapies were given for 15-20 proceedingss with on-going appraisal of respiratory parametric quantities like respiratory rate, wheeze mark, O impregnation, abjurations and dyspnea class. The 3rd construct is worlds which include five constituents aa‚ ¬ † the agent, the receiver, the end, the agencies and the model. The agent is the practising nurse and is characterized by personal properties capacities, capablenesss and committedness and here research worker is considered as the agent. The receiver, the patient is characterized by personal properties and jobs and here the kids have jobs like wheezing, tachypnoea, abjurations and dyspnea. The end is the coveted result to accomplish. Reduction in respiratory ailments was considered as the end of this survey. The average comprise the activities and devices through which the practician is enabled to achieve the end. The scene of the survey was paediatric OPD of GKNM Hospital, Coimbatore which is a 530 bedded superspeciality infirmary. Oxygen and compressed air were used to ease the therapies and the technique of usage of devices was explained to parents and kids before disposal of therapies. The therapies were given for 15-20 proceedingss. The model consists of homo, environmental, professional and organisational installations and infirmary was considered as model.

Sports Media In The Cold War Era - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2516 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Significance of Western Sports Media in the Cold War Era During the Cold War, the battle of ideologies spanned much more than the political spectrum. The rivalries between Western and Eastern Bloc countries in the field of international sport were a tool used by the both sides alike to establish dominance over each other, as well as to display the success of their ways of living on a world stage. During these times, western sports media was used almost as political propaganda to spread some forms of anti-Soviet sentiment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sports Media In The Cold War Era" essay for you Create order By building rivalries between the Eastern and Western Bloc countries in sports media, western writers were able to influence their citizens perception of communist athletes, and in turn, their countries. Sports media was some of the most important and influential writing to come out during the Cold War era. All forms of media had a significant impact on spreading propaganda and pushing political agendas. The Cold War was a battle of ideology and influence, and every government took part in making sure they maintained that influence over their citizens. According to British Scholar John Jenks, by the end of the second World War every major newspaper in London had some sort of political bias or was influenced by the government directly (15-16). This bias in the media shows how companies, and even the government directly, were trying to influence the opinions of readers. Large scale media influence was critically important to the British government because they wanted to maintain an image of power and strength. Jenks argued that in the eyes of the government, large-scale media influence was almost as essential to military power on achieving that goal (18-19). As the American and Soviet media platforms became more and more prominent in international news the British government had to push m ore propaganda towards the public to maintain that image. The government capitalized on the success and reach that the BBC had in the late 1940s and early 1950s by using their public television platform to spread said propaganda to the british masses. However the British government wasnt the only one pushing propaganda. Both the Soviet and the American media peddled their own as well. According to Laura Belmonte in her book Selling the American way: U.S. Propaganda and the Cold War, the United States ran media campaigns that promoted democracy and capitalism and applied it to every facet of American life. The United States Information Agency (USIA) ran campaigns such as Democracy Begins in the Home, and had mottos such as The red target is your home (Belmonte 136-138), in order to target the common American housewife, and put them against the red menace. The USIA also sent out pamphlets to promote capitalism by interviewing women from former fascist and communist countries and asking them questions that highlighted the struggles of communism, such as food rationing and long lines in front of shops during wartime (140). African Americans were targeted in a similar fashion. In some cases interviews with laborers from other countries would talk about how african american citizens had the best opportunities in America, and as far as they could tell they were free (170). This was to combat Soviet propaganda, which heavily targeted United States race relations, and try and show black America that they were in a good position in america and make them proud to be American. Soviets tried to push stereotypes of how the United States treated african americans, so much so that the USIA would combat it in propaganda pamphlets about tourism mailed to US citizens with their papers. They would highlight Russian citizens learning about african americ ans, such as in a 1959 state department guide which said: Some of the Soviets are surprised to hear that Negroes have schools at all, and many are surprised to learn that in Little Rock the troops were on the side of integration, rather than trying to prevent it. It is news to many of them that in most parts of the U.S. children of all races have been attending the same schools for years without significant incidents. Some do not know that lynch law is not actually a law, and that lynching is actually illegal everywhere in the U.S. Many do not know that the Ku Klux Klan is generally condemned or that Paul Robeson is a wealthy man (166-167). Media outlets from both the west and the east worked with their respective governments to create and spread propaganda in order to maintain influence over their citizens. Whether it was questioning the policies and the culture of the opposing countries or through promoting national pride, mass media of all types had a large role in being influential over their citizens. International sport and more specifically the Olympic Games have the potential to be incredibly profitable for the media. In the 1972 Munich games were broadcasted on television to 98 countries and generated over 17.8 million US dollars (~$107 million USD in 2018) worth of revenue according to the International Olympic Committee Olympic Marketing Fact File. There is a clear financial incentive for media members to report on the Olympics, as the games bring in viewers and interest from every corner of the world; allowing broadcasters and print media members alike to profit off of them more. Sports Media has been crucial in the development for sports as an international spectacle. Before the invention of the radio, the only way to be involved in the action of a sporting event in real time was to either play, be in the stands, or read about the game afterward in a magazine or the newspaper. But as the radio, and later the television, became mainstream people who werent top athletes or couldnt afford to be in the stands night in and night out still had an opportunity to be involved in the instant action that sports provided.(Calvert 87) Overall, broadcast media forged the future of sports consumption. However, this does not undermine the importance of printed forms of sports media. Thought broadcasting is the most direct way of viewing sports, studies have shown that there has been no decrease in the use of print media in sports from the 1970s through the 1990s (Hussain 58). This shows how sports broadcasting is supplemental to print media. More and more people around the world were tuning into sports live, but people continued to read articles to get more in depth analysis of the statistics of the events. In order for printed sports media to stay modern and in the eyes of readers, their writing styles have transformed to include more entertainment value; that is, creating narratives for athletes and teams, glorifying rivalries, and instigating on and off field controversies in order to drum up more interest for the readers (Hussain 64). The shift towards more entertainment value in sports media is was one of the significant factors in why sports media was so influential during the Cold War. The media seemingly glorified the rivalry between the Eastern and Western Blocs. According to author John Bale, writers would commonly discount the success of Soviet athletes. In the British magazine Athletics World, a photograph of a Soviet steeplechase runner shattering the 3,000 meter world record by over ten seconds was labeled The most controversial picture of the year, and the same article quoted the chief British track coach speculating that the hurdles in that particular race were under the regulation height of three feet (Bale 86). Western media took many other opportunities to discount the success of Soviet athletes. This included calling a communist Georgian sprinter tying the world record a rather mysterious result. Seemingly just because these athletes were from Eastern Bloc countries, writers all throughout the west discredited the athletes achievements regardless of how jaw-dropping the results were. These writers were knowingly publishing their biased or unfair opinions of athletes for thousands and in some cases millions, of readers who then would look upon these athletes in the same way, associating their distaste for communist countries with their new suspicion of their athletes. For the Soviets, sports were more than just a game. Athletics and fitness were engraved into the everyday of soviet citizens. According to Dr. Reet Howell, Soviet leaders believed that physically fit people were more socially productive, as well a being better prepared to protect their homeland. (137). However, Soviets also held sports to a separate, and significantly higher, standard than personal fitness. Sports in the Soviet Union is distinct from physical education as it implies competition and the striving for better results. As sport can be used for non-sport objectives, it has been used by the Communist Party and the government in the general political indoctrination and training of the masses (Howell 138). The Soviets were ahead of their time in regards to training athletes and preparing for international sport. Though a respectable goal to ensure a healthier country and better athletic performance in competition, western media loved to criticise their system. Ironically, many western sports writers also attributed much of the athletes success to the system and training programs that the Soviets created, not to the athletes themselves (Bale 87). Deflecting the greatness of Eastern Bloc athletes to the new and unusual systems they came out of shows again how western sports media tried to project Soviet athletes as lesser than their own. In addition to undermining athletic performances of Soviet athletes, western writers were very particular in how they described Soviet athletes. Eastern competitors were described in ways that made they sound almost subhuman, or at the very least as lesser than western athletes. British writers for papers such as The London Guardian and The Daily Mail would regularly point out the masculinity of female Soviet athletes, and on occasion accuse them of having been injected with male hormones (Wagg 102). One front page newspaper title When the men were men ¦ and so were the women (Wagg 102), when referring to Soviet athletes competing in the 1960 games in Rome. However, the same newspapers referred to British female athletes as the girl next door and other phrases for attractive normal women. The choice language when referring to Soviet athletes dehumanizes them, and in turn allows western readers to see the glorified athletes of their home countries as better and more favorable. The battle between the east and the west carried over to the film industry as well. Though the American film industry never directly used film as propaganda unlike the Soviet Union (Shaw Youngblood 160), there were many sports movies that came out during the Cold War era that reflected the period of time, as well as glorifying the rivalry between the America and the Soviet Union. Rocky IV, the highest selling Cold War film of all time, was centered around a boxing match between Italian-American boxer Rocky Balboa, versus a Soviet boxer named Ivan Drago. Rocky, played by Sylvester Stallone, was a fictional heavyweight champion boxer whose best friend Apollo Creed, the former heavyweight boxing champion of the world, died in ring in a exhibition bout against up and coming Soviet boxer Ivan Drago. Ivan showed no remorse and in a rather cold response said If he dies, he dies (Rocky IV). This portrayed the idea that Soviets are emotionless killing machines, and have no remorse towards Am erican lives. Rocky decides to avenge his friend, he will participate in a 15-round unsanctioned match against Drago on Christmas Day.. Throughout the movie, Drago, played by Dolph Lundgren, was shown using high tech-training methods, steroid or other performance-enhancing drug regimenes, and teams of doctors and trainers. Rocky however, trained using his normal conventional methods and hard work. This highlighted the suspicion that Soviet Athletes would cheat in international sport, and in turn praised Rocky for his old-fashioned training methods, reflecting the American idea that honest, hard work will prevail in the best traditions of Benjamin Franklin (166). In the end, Rocky squares off against Drago, and both boxers fight a brutal match until Rocky defeats Drago by knockout in the 13th round. By then most of the spectators in attendance supported Rocky and the excitement of the fight in general. In what can only been as the classic good triumphing over evil (Shaw Youngblood), Rocky then speaks to the surprisingly thrilled Soviet crowd about how everyone can change, signifying hopes of the Cold War ending. The movie ends when the Soviet general stands up and starts applauding Rocky, and then Rocky wishes his son at home a merry Christmas. Throughout Rocky IV, there was is a clear tension between the Soviet Union and America. The whole movie portrays the USSR as the villain, and Philadelphia-born Rocky as the American hero going to avenge his friend in enemy territory. Up until the end this movie framed the Soviets as the bad guys, and portrayed the common stereotypes of Soviets that western media always had. However, at the end of the movie during Rockys speech about change, it showed that as the war was winding down (Rocky IV debuted in 1985), people wished for the conflict to resolve. This was an interesting viewpoint on the Cold War, as it clearly showed the Soviet Union as enemies, but also showed a desire for the Cold War to end. This reflected the sentiment of much of the western media at the time, and the Cold War ended up wrapping up less than six years later, when the Soviet Union finally collapsed in 1991. A lot of other US sports movies used a concept called soft propaganda (162), which was a strategy in which filmmakers mixed positive subliminal messages into films that which people didnt notice were directly political. Sports movies in the early 1950s and 60s integrate the relationship between family, teamwork, the military, and traditional American values (163). Movies such as The Long Gray Line exemplified this. In the film, a dishwasher/athletic trainer from the West Point military academy earns the respect of the cadets. He and his wife took them under their wings and taught them the codes of honor, patriotism, and manliness on the football field and in the swimming pool (164). By using soft propaganda and associating American sports with traditional American values, it helped make people feel more patriotic and more closely associated their fandom of sports with their patriotism. Throughout the Cold War, all forms of sports media, whether printed, televised, or on the silver screen, anti-communist, and more specifically anti-Soviet, sentiment was expressed. Sports media played a major role and classifying the the east and the west as rivals. As trends in news shifted, and more entertainment value was demanded in media by the public, these rivalries carried massive financial incentive to the media. By, using the political and ideological battles between the communist Eastern Bloc and the Western Bloc western sports media turned that animosity towards athletics. This lead to sports writers, filmmakers, and broadcasters forming strong pro-west and anti-Soviet bias. This bias helped influence millions of people worldwide and helped create a bigger divide between the East and Western Blocs. In conclusion, the influence of western sports media was greatly significant in maintaining the animosity of the east and the west in the Cold War.